Most people expect that if they live long enough, they will probably develop arthritis. This extremely common condition, which occurs when joints degenerate and become stiff, swollen, and painful, can be caused by wear and tear on the joints over time. This form of arthritis, known as osteoarthritis, is the most common type. Rheumatoid arthritis, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissues in the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and damage.
While individuals may be quick to recognize the symptoms of arthritis when they affect the hands, knees, or hips, they may not realize that arthritis can also affect the spine. Knowing what to look for and when to seek medical help are key to finding effective treatment for spinal arthritis.
Like other forms of arthritis, spinal arthritis can be due to wear and tear that breaks down protective cartilage (osteoarthritis) or as the result of an autoimmune disorder. While it can affect any part of the spine, it is most often experienced in the cervical spine (neck and shoulder area) or the lumbar spine (lower back). Symptoms to be on the lookout for include:
Chronic back pain: Persistent back pain that lasts for more than three months. While pain may not always be the same degree of intensity from day to day, it will tend to be consistently in the same area. It may be a dull, throbbing sensation or be characterized by sharp, unexpected jolts. Regardless of the exact nature of the discomfort, spinal pain should always be brought to a doctor’s attention.
Stiffness/reduced flexibility: Arthritis can cause stiffness in the spine, which is often more pronounced in the morning or after periods of inactivity. This stiffness may reduce the range of motion, making it difficult to bend or twist without pain.
Swelling/tenderness: Affected areas of the back may be inflamed, swollen, and sensitive or painful to the touch.
When these symptoms first occur, they may be ignored or attributed to other causes. For instance, someone waking up with a stiff, painful back may assume they “slept wrong” or need a new mattress. Or they may simply think that back pain is a natural part of getting older.
As spinal arthritis progresses, its symptoms will tend to become more severe. If it is untreated, familiar symptoms may worsen and new ones can appear. For example, chronic pain may increase to the point where it interferes with regular daily activities.
Another serious complication is nerve impingement. The vertebral column encloses the spinal canal, a narrow, fluid-filled space that protects the spinal cord and nerve roots. When arthritis narrows that canal or affects the vertebral alignment, the nerves can be compressed. The result can be stabbing, shooting pains, numbness, or tingling in the extremities. Arthritis in the neck tends to produce this effect in the hands and arms, while arthritis in the lower back affects the legs and feet. Severe nerve impingement can also cause weakness in the arms or legs.
As more serious cases progress, spinal arthritis can cause visible physical deformities in the back. The spine may develop a noticeable curve that makes it difficult to stand up straight or walk. While symptoms like these can make it obvious that a doctor’s intervention is sorely needed, it is best not to wait to schedule a consultation with a specialist.
In general, it is always better to contact a doctor about concerning symptoms rather than wait and worry. This is especially true for anyone who suspects they might be developing spinal arthritis. Keeping a journal to record symptoms can also help track patterns and trends to provide helpful information to medical providers.
While any of the symptoms above are enough reason to contact a doctor, if you are experiencing back pain you should go in to be examined immediately if you:
Have persistent or worsening symptoms: Pain has become more frequent, more severe, and is not improving with care such as rest or over-the-counter pain medications.
Have a sudden onset of severe symptoms: Feeling sudden, severe pain or abruptly experiencing numbness and tingling. Sudden loss of bladder or bowel control is another sign that can indicate severe nerve impingement and should never be ignored.
Are limiting activities due to back pain: Over time, spinal arthritis can impact quality of life by making it increasingly difficult to exercise, work, or complete tasks of daily living. An increasingly restricted routine is a clear sign to see a doctor about back pain.
While spinal arthritis can’t be cured, its symptoms can be managed and pain reduced through a variety of different treatment options, such as:
Pain management: Pain medication, either over the counter or prescription, can help alleviate the pain from spinal arthritis. Injections into arthritic joints or epidurals can also provide longer-lasting pain relief.
Physical therapy and exercise: Physical therapy can help preserve range of motion, while exercise helps to build muscle that provides support for the spine.
Lifestyle changes: Changes such as giving up smoking, eating a more healthy diet, and making ergonomic changes to your environment to alleviate stress on the spine can help support spine health in conjunction with other treatments.
If these conservative care measures do not provide relief, more advanced treatment may be necessary to alleviate pain and restore natural movement in the spine.
If you are experiencing persistent back pain, you should not wait as your quality of life gradually slips away. Board-certified orthopedist Dr. Tiffany Rogers specializes in spine care and can accurately diagnose the cause of troubling symptoms. Her background in both physical therapy and medicine allows her to find the least invasive option for effective treatment, including artificial disc replacement, a minimally invasive alternative to disc fusion. Spinal arthritis does not have to mean permanent pain or disability. Contact us here to schedule your appointment.